7% Iodine – Disinfectant use on the navels
of newborn goats to help dry up the navels and closing the
passageway into the body of the goat. Some people also dip
the hooves of newborns in iodine to prevent tetanus from the
dirt from being absorbed by the body.
48% Soybean Meal – A high protein
by-product of soybeans.
A
ABGA – American Boer Goat Association.
Abomasum – The fourth and final
chamber of the digestive system of ruminants. This is where
the enzymatic digestion occurs.
Abortifacients – Drugs or toxins
that cause abortions.
Abortion –Miscarriage. The cancellation
or ending of a pregnancy.
Abscesses – Pus-filled cavities
usually caused by bacterial infection.
Acidosis – Failure of the mechanism
that controls the acidity of the blood, other body fluids,
or body tissues so that it rises significantly and causes
a low blood pH. In goats this is normally due to eating
too much grain.
ADGA – American Dairy Goat Association.
Aflatoxin – A toxic compound produced
by a mold fungus in agricultural crops, especially peanuts,
and in animal feeds that have not been carefully stored.
Afterbirth – The placenta and membranes
expelled from the uterus after birth – usually within
3 to 6 hours.
AI Light and Battery Pack – Essential
for seeing inside the doe when doing artificial insemination.
A light on the end of a wan, which is inserted into the
Speculum to allow you to view the cervix to determine it
the does is ready for insemination.
Albon – A treatment for coccidiosis.
Alfalfa – A forage crop in the pea
family grown as hay or a forage crop.
AMGA – American Meat Goat Association.
Aminoglycoside Antibiotic – A type
of antibiotic that works against many types of bacteria
and includes streptomycin, gentamicin, and neomycin. Aminoglycoside
antibiotics inactivate enzymes in actinomycetes. This antibiotic
is linked with amino sugars.
Anemia – Blood containing too few
red blood cells or red blood cells deficient in hemoglobin.
With goats this is often caused by blood-sucking parasites.
Anemia causes poor health and/or death. At Clear Creek Farms
we treat anemia in goats with Geritol and/or Magic.
Ante mortem – Preceding death.
Anthelmintic – A drug that destroys
parasitic worms or flushes out intestinal parasitic worms
Antibiotics –A drug capable of killing
bacteria or rendering bacteria inactive. Antibiotics are
derived from microorganisms, especially fungi, or are synthetically
produced.
Antiseptic Ointment – A cream or
salve designed to reduce or prevent infection by eliminating
or reducing the growth of a microorganism.
Antiseptic Solution – A liquid designed
to reduce or prevent infection by eliminating or reducing
the growth of a microorganism.
Antitoxin – An antibody produced
in response to a particular toxin.
Artificial Insemination (AI) – A
management technique that has been available to American
producers for several decades. Using frozen semen to impregnate
a doe…an excellent way of improving the genetics of
a herd without buying and maintaining an expensive buck.
AI involves collection of semen from a buck and transfer
of the semen to the reproductive tract of the doe. Does
can be inseminated with either fresh semen or with commercially
available frozen semen.
Aspirin – A pain relieving drug
derived from salicylic acid used to relieve pain and inflammation,
to lower fever, and to reduce the risk of blood clotting
within an artery.
Atrophy – To shrink or waste away,
usually caused by illness or injury.
B
Baking Soda – Sodium bicarbonate
used to neutralize acid in the stomach of goats.
Banamine – The brand name of flunixin
meglumine, an injectable non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug
used for pain and fever.
Banding – A method of castration.
Beet Pulp – Beets are plants with
large tuber roots, often fed to animals. Dried beets contain
a high concentration of sugar. The residue from sugar beets
provide an excellent source of high-energy feed, especially
for gestating and lactating goats. The leaf of the beet
is also used for livestock feed.
Billy – A male goat; a. buck.
Biomycin – An anti-infect ant antibacterial
for intramuscular or subcutaneous administration to speed
up the healing process. Biomycin is an OTC product, a brand
name for Oxytetracycline, with a broad range of uses. Our
vet recommends 1 cc per 25 pounds either SQ or IM.
Biosecurity – An awareness of methods
to prevent transmission of disease. Levels of biosecurity
go from 0 where animals and people are free to move and
have contact with other livestock to 5 where there is total
restriction of access to a farm (no outside visits to other
farms where livestock might be and no outside visitors allowed).
Level 5 include total control of feed sources.
Biosol –This drug is produced by
Pfizer and contains 200 mg neomycin sulfate per ml and is
used for the treatment of bacterial diarrhea and bacterial
enteritis. The manufacturer’s recommended treatment:
daily doses for treatment of bacterial diarrheas is 1 teaspoon
per 100 pounds for a maximum of 14 days. Withdrawals: cattle:
1 day; sheep: 2 days; and swine/goats: 3 days.
Birth Weight – How much a kid weighs
at birth.
Black Oil Sunflower Seeds – Black
oil sunflower seeds are high in calories. In addition, the
seeds are rich in potassium, fatty acids, phosphorus, vitamin
E, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, manganese, zinc, and calcium.
They are 25% protein
Bloat – To become swollen or inflated;
a disease affecting goats when there is excessive gas in
the rumen. Normally bloat will be caused by eating too much
“new” grass or too much grain, especially whole
corn. According to Hoegger Goat Supplies’ web site,
“A goat with bloat will show signs of severe distress,
grunting, slobbering, much restless activity, and labored
breathing.”
Blood Stop –A blood coagulant that
stops severe surface bleeding from wounds and cuts immediately.
Blood Stop is recommended for use in controlling minor bleeding
from superficial cuts and wounds and after dehorning. It
is approved for use on all animals. There are multiple manufacturers
of this product.
Body
Condition Score – A value from 1 to 5
(thin to fat) or 1 to 9 (extremely thin to extremely obese)
used to evaluate the condition (fat vs. muscle) of an animal.
Boer – A breed of goats that originated
in South Africa.
Bolus – An antibiotic in a very
large pill form.
Boosters – Depending on the vaccine,
a booster – or additional shot(s) – is given
at specified times, usually either 2, 3, or 4 weeks or annually
after the initial vaccine.
BoSe – An injectable solution containing
Vitamin E and selenium. Our vet recommends this Schering-Pough
product prior to breeding and within the last 30 days of
pregnancy at a dose of 2 cc.
Bots – An intestinal disease caused
by infection with botfly larvae.
Bottle Jaw – An accumulation of
fluid in the intermandibular space - a condition more prevalent
in pasture animals because of their stance while grazing.
This gravity-dependent seepage of fluid is due to low blood
protein and is typically caused by heavy parasitism.
Breech Birth – Incorrect presentation
for delivery. In a normal delivery, the feet are pointing
downward; in a breech birth the feet are pointing upward.
Breeding Season – The period of
time, from a few hours to a few days, a doe is in standing
heat and ready to be bred.
Breeding Season – With dairy goats,
the breeding season is normally in late summer and early
fall; Boer goats breed year around.
Brood Doe – An older female retained
for the express purpose of continuing her genetics/bloodline
by producing kids.
Browse – To feed or graze on tender
vegetation such as the shoots, leaves, or twigs of shrubs
or trees; the tender shoots, leaves, or twigs of shrubs
and trees used as food by goats.
Brucellosis “Bang’s Disease”
– A bacterial disease of goats caused by Brucella
melitensis or Brucella abortus. Brucellosis in goats is
rare in the United States.
Buck – A male goat; a.billy.
Buck Collection – Semen collection
from male goats is another form of managing risk associated
with buck ownership. Buck collection allows access to the
genetics of a particular buck even when the buck is no longer
on the premises or even after the buck has passed on. The
owner may choose to retain frozen straws of semen for future
use or sell them to someone else who recognizes the quality
of a particular buck. Buck collection is a form of risk
management as insurance in case the buck unexpectedly expires.
This allows access to the genetics of a particular bloodline
whether the buck is available or not. Semen collection from
any buck is a form of insurance that minimizes risk in case
loss of a buck occurs.
Buckling – A young male goat; a
male kid.
Burdizzo – An instrument used to
castrate bucklings. This instrument severs the cord without
breaking the skin.
Butting – Ramming someone or something
with head or horns.
C
Cabrito – A word most people associate
to mean young goat.
Calcium to Phosphorus Ratio – Balancing
the amount of calcium and phosphorus in feed to prevent
urinary calculi.
Camplylobacter Bacteria – A bacteria
that causes diarrhea, normally found in the intestines.
Cane – Receptacle that holds the
semen. This metal container holds the goblets that contain
the semen straws
Cane Code – An identification assigned
by the collector to the individual buck being collected.
This identification is placed on the top of the cane and
recorded on the accompanying paperwork.
Canister Number – Semen tanks contain
six canisters; each is numbered.
Capillary Refill Time (CRT) – The
amount of time it takes the gums to return to normal after
the pressure of a thumb or finger has been removed.
Caprine – The genus of goat; relating
to or resembling a goat.
Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE) –
A virus similar to AIDS in humans. It is transmitted through
body fluids, especially milk from an affected animal. CAE
viral infection results in arthritis in adult animals and
encephalitis in kids between 2 and 6 months of age. Other
clinical presentations can include a hard udder or mastitis,
hypogalactia, chronic interstitial pneumonia, and progressive
weight loss.
Carrier – Living creature infected
with a disease and can pass it to others but does not itself
display any of the symptoms; or an animal carrying a gene
for a particular genetic trait or disorder without being
affected by it, because two copies of the gene, one from
each parent, are usually necessary for the disorder to show
itself.
Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) – Corynebacterium
pseudotuberculosis, an abscess containing a thick yellow-green
pus with little or no odor, normally located in the lymph
nodes, especially around head, chest, flanks; but can also
occur in spinal cord, spleen, lungs, kidney, liver, abdominal
cavity, and/or brain. There is no cure, but CL can be managed
using a vaccine made from the pus from an infected animal
in your herd (autogenous vaccine). There is no on-label
commercial vaccine approved for goats.
Castrate – Removing the testicles
of a male goat making reproduction impossible.
CC (Cubic Centimeter) – A measurement
for liquids. One cubic centimeter is the same as 1 milliliter.
CD Antitoxin – On label for goats.
For use as an aid in the temporary prevention or treatment
of Clostridial enterotoxemia caused by types B,C, and D
toxin.
CD/T – A vaccine for immunizing
sheep, goats & cattle against tetanus and overeating
disease caused by Cl. Perfringens and Types C and D Tetanus
Toxoid.
Check Eyelids – Raise the eyelids
to determine the shade of pink; the darker the better. Light/white
is an indication of anemia.
Check Gums – Raise/lower the lips
to determine the shade of pink; the darker the better. Light/white
is an indication of anemia.
Chevon – A word made up in the early
1900s to indicate goat meat. This word is not in most dictionaries,
and few people outside the goat-growing community associates
it with goats. It is a combination of the French word "chevre"
and the word for sheep, "mutton."
Chlamydia – Spherical bacterium
that causes several eye and urogenital disease; this can
be a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacterium
Chlamydia trachomatis.
Chlamydiosis – Enzootic abortion.
If infected before or soon after birth, the doe aborts during
last 4-6 weeks of her first pregnancy; she usually does
not abort again.
CIDR – Control Internal Drug Release
device – off label for goats.
Cimetidine – A vet prescribed medicine
used for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of gastric, abomasal
and duodenal ulcers, uremic gastritis, stress-related or
drug- induced erosive gastritis, esophagitis, duodenal gastric
reflux and esophageal reflux.
Cloning –Producing a genetically
identical organism. From a single cell creating an organism
that is genetically identical to its donor. In 1998, First
cloned goat, "Mira," is conceived through the
process of nuclear transfer of cells from a 40-day-old embryo.
The first cloned Boer goat at Texas A&M, named "Second
Addition" (registered name Downen TX 63 684) was born
on March 29, 2001. The donor was an 8-year-old Boer Champion
doe and a top producer in Ewing and Donna Downen's breeding
program in Early, TX.
Clostridial Diseases – Malignant
edema, a wound infection that is characterized by edema,
gas gangrene and septicemia and is caused by Clostridium
septicum; Enterotoxemia, enteritis with severe toxemia caused
by Clostridium perfringens; and Tetanus, a wound infection
that causes paralysis and death caused by Clostridium tetani.
Clostridium – A rod-shaped, usually
motile, gram-positive bacterium that can cause serious illnesses
including botulism, tetanus, and gas gangrene.
Coccidiosis – A disease of domestic
animals/goats and birds, and occasionally humans, caused
by coccidia in the intestines, this causes diarrhea. An
oocyst that can destroy the lining of the small intestine
causing severe diarrhea and often death.
Colostrum – The first secretions
from the mammary glands which contains antibodies and minerals.
This "first milk" is a thick fluid necessary for
healthy kids, produced immediately after giving birth and
before the production of milk. A kid needs a minimum of
10% of its birth weight in colostrums during its first 24
hours after birth.
Copper – A micromineral. A deficiency
of copper in goats can be reflected in diarrhea, unthriftiness,
poor weight gain, light-colored hair, swollen joints, easily
broken bones, infertility, anemia, and a decreased resistance
to disease. On the other hand, too much copper is toxic
and can cause liver failure.
Corid – An anti-coccidia agent,
a formulation of amprolium, that comes in powder, crumbles,
or oral solution. Withdrawal times not established for goats.
It is manufactured by Merial and used for the treatment
of coccidiosis. It is also used for prevention of pneumonia
and scours. While off-label for goats, the manufacturer’s
recommended treatment as a drench is to mix 3 oz of the
powder with 1 quart of water and give 1 oz per each 100
pounds for 5 days. This drug has a wide margin of safety.
Corpus Luteum – A yellow mass of
tissue that forms in part of the ovary after ovulation and
secretes the hormone progesterone.
Corticosteroidsa – Steroid hormones
secreted by the adrenal cortex. Examples are aldosterone,
hydrocortisone, or cortisone.
Covexin 8 – A vaccine by Schering-Plough
that protects against diseases caused by Clostridium chauvoei,
Cl. septicum, Cl. haemolyticum (known elsewhere as Cl. novyi
type D), Cl. novyi, Cl. tetani, and Cl. perfringens types
C and D.
Creep Feeding – Providing an area
where feed is available to young, small goats but where
larger goats cannot intimidate. This promotes faster growth
in young kids.
Critical Temperature – The minimum
and maximum temperatures tolerated by goats before additional
energy through diet is required to maintain normal body
heat.
Crossbreeding – Breeding new strains
of genetically different animals.
Crushed Corn – Will increase the
utilization but the cost to crush outweighs any benefits.
Cryptosporidiosis – Infectious condition
characterized by fever, diarrhea, and stomach cramps. It
is spread by a protozoan of the genus Cryptosporidium.
Cud – Partly digested food goats
(and other ruminants) return to their mouths after it has
been in the first stomach. This food is continuously chewed
to aid in digestion.
Cull – Removing animals, especially
sick or imperfect/inferior ones, from the herd. Could also
be a factor used to judge if an animal should be removed
from the herd. Animal that do not meet future breeding standards.
Custom Feeding – Having your livestock
managed and fed in another facility for a fee.
CWT – Hundred weight. Prices at
graded meat-goat auctions are often listed per hundred pounds.
To figure the price per pound, simply divide the CWT price
by 100.
Cydectin – Off label for goats.
Manufactured by Fort Dodge, this wormer, Moxidectin, is
a topical formulation for control of roundworms, lungworms,
grubs, lice, and mites in cattle; it also provides 7 days
of protection against horn flies. People who use this product
recommend 1 cc per 20, 22, or 25 pounds (depending on who
is doing the recommending) administered orally. Since this
is off-label for goats, there is no known withdrawal time.
D
Dam – The female parent.
Date of Birth – The date an animal
is born.
Decoquinate – Coccidostats compound
shown to be effective against coccidian but is also a thiamin
inhibitor.
Deworm – To cure an animal of an
infestation of parasites.
Dextrose – A sugar produced during
cellular metabolism in plant and animal tissue. It is found
in many fruits, especially grapes, and is a major component
of honey and corn syrup.
Diarrhea – A frequent and excessive
discharging of the bowels producing abnormally thin watery
feces, usually as a symptom of gastrointestinal upset or
infection.
Diet – What an animal normally consumes.
Disbud – To remove the horns from
a young animal.
Doe – A mature female goat.
Doeling – A female kid under a year
old.
Dosage – The measured, prescribed
amount of medicine to be administered.
Drenching – To administer medicines
orally.
Dry Matter – How much food the animal
is getting after all the water/moisture is taken out of
it.
Dry Off – After weaning kids, the
doe must quit producing milk. This is accomplished by cutting
the amount of grain to the doe. This is termed the “drying
off” period.
Drylot – An area where goats are
held for extender periods of time.
Durasect – On label for goats. A
ready-to-use pour-on manufactured by Pfizer, designed for
the control of horn flies, face flies, lice and aids in
the control of horse flies, stable flies and house flies.
Dvmectin –Off label for goats. Liquid
manufactured for horses for the effective treatment and
control of a range of parasites.
Dystocia – An abnormal or difficult
birth.
E
E. Coli (Escherichia coli) – A
bacteria normally found in the intestines but commonly causing
infection in other parts of the body.
Ear Tags – A method of identification.
Eggs Per Gram (EPG) – Number of
parasite eggs found per gram of fecal material (EPG) of
a given animal. To determine if you need a parasite control
program you must first assess the condition of the herd.
The most simple, most practical, lowest cost, and most widely
used method to determine a parasite problem is an EPG (eggs
per gram) of feces. The EPG is a laboratory procedure that
measures the number or the concentration of parasite eggs
in a fecal sample. When a cross-section of fecal samples
of the herd are analyzed, an EPG assessment can supply both
a general determination of the numbers of gastrointestinal
parasites the individual animals are carrying as well as
the potential for parasite transmission in the herd.
Eimeria Arloingi – One of the three
pathogens in goats that cause coccidiosis.
Eimeria Christenseni – One of the
three pathogens in goats that cause coccidiosis. Eimeria
Christenseni is normally found in the small intestines.
Elastrator – Castration device that
"strangles" the testicles with bands when utilized.
Elmeria Ninakohlyakimovae – One
of the three pathogens in goats - intestinal crypts causing
coccidiosis.
Emaciation – To become thin to the
point of being unhealthy.
Embryo Flushing – The process of
removing the fertilized eggs from the donor.
Embryo Transfer – The process of
moving the fertilized eggs from the donor doe to the recipient
doe.
Encephalitis – Brain inflammation
usually caused by a viral infection.
Ennobled – A recognition program
to honor the best-of-the-best in the American Boer Goat
Association and the United States Boer Goat Association.
Enteritis – Inflammation of the
intestines, normally the small intestines.
Enterotoxemia – Called “overeating
disease” even though it is not caused by overeating,
the cause of this disease is the toxin produced by the bacterium
Clostridium perfringens type C or type D. These bacteria
are normally present in the soil and intestines. The disease
is associated with lush, fast-growing pasture, feeding grains,
or too much milk.
Entertoxemia Type C – Type C produces
a toxin called 'Beta Toxin' which causes intestinal necrosis
and severe intestinal bleeding.
Entertoxemia Type D – The Type D
infection is more common than Type C. Type D produces Epsilon
Toxin that causes vascular damage and increases permeability
(the rate at which something passes through a membrane)
facilitating its own absorption.
Entropin – A condition where the
eyelid turns in.
Epernix – Off label for goats. A
clear wormer. Recommended dose for goats is 1cc per 22 lbs.
administered orally.
Epididymis – A coiled tube attached
to the back and upper side of the testicle that stores sperm
and is connected to the vas deferens.
Epinephrine – Epinephrine injection
is used to treat life-threatening allergic reactions. Epinephrine
works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and tightening
the blood vessels. Our vet recommends a dose of 1cc per
100 lbs. – administered slowly.
Eqvalan – Off label for goats. Trademarked
by Merial, provides effective control of the following parasites:
large strongyles, small strongyles, pinworms, ascarids,
hairworms, large-mouth stomach worms (Habronema muscae);
bots, lungworms, and intestinal threadworms.
Estrogen –Any of several steroid
hormones, produced mainly in the ovaries, that stimulate
estrus and the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.
This hormone causes regression of the corpus luteum.
Estrus – A period of sexual excitement
in many female mammals during which the animal seeks to
mate. Signs of estrus in goats include a swollen vagina;
doe receptive to buck, standing for mating; frequent urination;
mounting other does; tail flagging; and mucous chrysalis
is cheesy.
Estrus Cycle – A doe will cycle
every 17 to 21 days.
ET Donor – The doe who gives the
fertilized eggs.
ET Receip – The doe who carries
the embryos from time of transfer to delivery.
External Parasites – Parasites such
as lice found on the hair and skin or in the nasal and ear
passages. Ticks and lice cause severe blood loss resulting
in anemia. Young and incapacitated animals are the most
severely affected. Flies and other biting insects are a
source of irritation.
Extra Label Drug Use – Using a drug
that is off label for a specific species. If there are no
approved products for a specific disease condition, or if
approved products are deemed ineffective by the veterinarian,
the FDA allows Extra-label Drug Use by veterinarians. FDA
rules require the veterinarian have established a Veterinarian-Client-Patient
relationship, be available for follow-up consultation, and
calculate a reasonable withdrawal time to ensure that residue
contaminated meat does not enter the food chain. It is imperative
you develop a relationship with your veterinarian.
F
Fecal Exam – The process of analyzing
feces.
Fecal Worm Egg Counts – Fecal egg
counts help the farm manager determine if an animal has
too heavy of a parasite load and needs worming. Count parasite
eggs per gram of feces. This should be done both pre- and
post-worming to determine the effectiveness of the wormer.
Feces – The body's excreted solid
waste composed of undigested food, bacteria, water, and
bile.
Fecundity – The ability to produce
offspring.
Fertile – Capable of breeding and
reproducing; used to describe an egg with the capacity to
grow and develop.
Fertility – The quality or condition
of being fertile.
Fetus – An embryo with all the structural
features recognizable.
Fever – Abnormally high body temperature.
Finishing – Supplementing natural
browse and graze with grains prior to slaughter.
Fish Teats – Boer goats tend to
have more teats than are necessary, sometimes having two
or more teats per side, or even having clusters of teats,
when there are multi orifices on the same teat and the orifices
are separated, this is know as fish teats. It could be a
problem during nursing, if the kid can not get the teat
into is mouth.
Fitting – The act of grooming a
goat before a show of sale. Fitting consists of bathing
and trimming as goat’s coat as well as trimming hooves.
Flies– External parasites.
Flunixamine – Recommended for the
alleviation of inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal
disorders; the active ingredient is Fluxixin Meglumine.
Flushing – Increasing the amount
of feed and general nutritional levels (possibly by vitamin
or mineral injections) a doe is given the month before breeding
in an attempt to increase the number of kids she has. This
management technique is said to improve ovulation rate.
Fluxixin Meglumine – A strong, non-narcotic,
nonsteroidal, analgesic agent with anti-inflammatory and
antipyretic activity.
Foot Bath – Making goats stand in
(or walk through) chemicals used for the treatment of foot
rot and foot scald. Foot baths normally contain zinc or
copper sulfate.
Foot Rot – Foot rot, also known
as necrotic pododermatitis, is also caused by a bacteria.
University of Missouri researchers believe foot rot is caused
by two bacteria, Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides
melaninogenicus, but staphylococci, streptococci, corynebacterium,
or fungus may also cause the infection. While foot rot is
prevalent with wet conditions, it also appears during times
of drought. Foot rot is indicated by swelling, redness of
the tissue above the hoof, and a distinctive odor. Often
the walls of the hooves will separate with the space becoming
filled with dirt and grime. The goat will normally have
a low-grade temperature.
Foot Scald - Also known as interdigital
dermatitis. This is caused by bacteria and normally occurs
when we have an excessive amount of rain and the goats are
walking around in mud and muck. The indication of foot scald
is a white spot on the skin between the toes; often this
area is swollen. Since goats are extremely sensitive to
pain anyway, foot scald can cause lameness, and severely
affected animals refuse to stand. This affects most facets
of their lives; they don't want to eat, and they don't want
to breed.
Forage – The process of searching
for food by wandering around.
Forcing Pen – A method of confining
animals prior to moving them into loading/treatment chutes.
Fortified Vitamin B Complex – A
high protein, injectable water-based multi-vitamin complex
solution used in the relief of vitamin B deficiencies and
to provide supplemental nutritional vitamins. Our vet recommends
a dose of 3cc to 5cc depending on the size of the animal.
This vitamin tends to increase a goat’s appetite.
Free Choice – Having feed (grains)
available to the animals 24 hours a day.
French Insemination Gun – The tool
used to deposit the semen at the proper location. The AI
gun is threaded through the cervix to deposit semen in the
uterus.
Freshen – To kid and begin producing
milk.
G
Gambrel Restrainer – Advertised
as “…the complete sheep handler that fits in
your pocket.” A quick, easy, inexpensive and dependable
way to restrain goats.
Gastroenteritis – Stomach and intestinal
inflammation caused by an infection, either viral or bacterial.
Gauge Needle – Needle size/thickness.
The higher the gauge, the thinner the needle.
Genetics – A set of inherited characteristics
of an animal and the passing on of factors such as color
which results in similarities between one family member
and another.
Gentamicin – An aminoglycoside antibiotic,
usually administered by injection, used for many bacterial
infections. This drug is not approved for meat animals.
It can be used, along with equal parts of sterile water
and dexamethasone, for the treatment of pink eye.
Geritol – Off label for goats. This
human, over-the-counter drug, found in most grocery stores,
is a vitamin and mineral supplement high in iron. It is
used to treat anemia caused by parasites. The recommended
dosage is 5cc no more than twice a day.
Gestation – Length of pregnancy.
For goats this is 143 to 155 days.
Gestation – The process of carrying
offspring in the womb during pregnancy; the period of development
of kids.
Goat Ade – On label for goats. Manufactured
by Carolina Animal Health Lab and sold by Mr. Furney Register,
Goat Ade is a vitamin supplement designed to give newborns
a “quick start” or boost of energy. It is also
useful when the goat is stressed (possibly from an overload
of worms or going to/returning from shows). The recommended
dose is 2cc at birth or 15cc per 50 lbs.
Goblets – The containers for the
canes.
Gordon's Goat & Sheep Spray –
A water-based product containing permethrin insecticide
for control of external parasites/flies.
Graft – To attach or join; to get
one doe to accept the offspring of another as her own.
Graze – To eat grass and other vegetation
in fields; using the land for feeding animals.
H
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP)
– An approach to food safety anticipating and preventing
dangerous situations and/or outcome.
Heart Girth Depth – The intensity,
strength, and power of the area surrounding the heart.
Heart Rate (Beats/Min) – The heart
rate is between 70-95 beats per minute.
Heat – Estrus.
Helminths – Parasites.
Hocks – The lower hind leg joints.
Hoof Trimmers – The tool used to
trim toenails of goats.
Hookworm – A blood-sucking parasite
that attaches itself to the intestinal walls.
Hormone – A regulating chemical
in the body.
Hypocalcaemia (hypocalcemia) – Commonly
called Milk Fever – a misnomer since one of the symptoms
is a low temperature. This is caused by extremely low levels
of calcium in the blood. This disease is more commonly associated
with dairy goats. Within 1 to 3 weeks following kidding,
the doe lacks muscle control, becomes nervous and hyperactive.
She quits eating; ears and mouth are cold to the touch.
Symptoms are easily confused with polioencephalomalacia,
enterotoxemia, poisoning, and listeriosis. The head may
be turned back to the flank, and the hind legs are spread
wide and outward. The heart is very hard to hear or feel)
and beats quickly and weakly. Death follows bloat, regurgitation
of rumen contents and aspiration.
Hypomagnesaemia (hypomagnesemia) –
Easily confused with hypocalcaemia, this ailment is caused
by low levels of magnesium in the blood.
Hypothermia – Dangerously and abnormally
low body temperature.
I
IBGA – International Boer Goat
Association.
Immunity – The body's ability to
resist disease either naturally or as a result of vaccination.
Injection Locations – The best site
to give a goat a shot is a location where the medicine will
be the most effective without damage to expensive cuts of
meat. The preferred sites for IM injects are the neck and
triceps. The best site for a SQ shot is behind the shoulder
(arm pit), between the front legs on the chest floor, and
on the neck. It is advisable not to inject yourself in lieu
of the goat. The easiest location to give a shot is the
loin or hind leg areas; never give a meat goat an injection
here.
Insemination Sheaths – Plastic covers
for the AI gun.
Intermediate Host – An animal that
is the host for an immature parasite which then moves on
to a different body before reproducing.
Internal Parasites – Worms located
in the lungs, stomach, or intestines of goats.
International Unit (IU) – A unit
of measurement for drugs and vitamins.
Intestinal Parasites – Worms that
cause weight loss, poor growth, diarrhea, anemia, and edema
(“bottle jaw”). Haemonchus contortus and Ostertagia
circumcinta are the main problems in goats in our area..
Goats never develop resistance to internal parasites. Adequate
management, to include pasture rotation, attention to overstocking,
and deworming, is critical.
Intramuscular Injection (IM) –To
administer treatment (fluids/medicines) into the muscle.
Intranasal (IN) –To administer treatment
via the nose.
Intravenous (IV) – To administer
treatment (fluids/medicines) into the veins.
Ivomec Sheep Drench – Off label
for goats. Manufactured by Merial, this wormer provides
treatment and control of adult and fourth-stage larvae of
roundworms and lungworms, and all larval stages of nasal
bots. The label recommendation is to administer orally at
a dose of 3 ml per 26 lbs body weight – for sheep.
Due to the high dosage, this is not a cost-effective wormer
for goats.
J
Johne's Disease – Paratuberculosis,
commonly called Johne’s disease, is a bacterial disease
caused by Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. It causes
chronic enteritis and wasting. This is a contagious disease,
with no good diagnostic procedure, that is spread through
the ingestion of feed and water contaminated with feces.
K
Keds – Bloodsucking ticks (Melophagus
ovinus).
Ketones – The cause for Ketosis
(Pregnancy Toxemia), which can occur in pregnant does late
in their pregnancy. The doe will rapidly metabolize fat
from her body stores producing ketones (a toxic by-product)
and the symptoms of the disease.
Kid – Baby goat.
Kidding – The act of having babies.
L
LA 200 – Off label for goats. One
of many brand names for Oxytetracycline – an effective
antibiotic.
Lactated Ringers – A type of intravenous
fluid, often used in trauma situations, which mimics the
chemistry of human blood. These are used to replenish fluids
in a dehydrated goat.
Lactation Period – The period/time
a doe’s mammary gland is producing milk.
Laminitis (Founder) – An inflammation
of the sensitive tissue (laminae) lying below the layer
of horn which covers the hoof.
Laparoscope – An instrument for
viewing inside the body giving the examining vet a view
of the internal organs, especially, in this context, the
ovaries.
Laparoscopic – Examination of the
internal organs using a laparoscope.
Laparoscopic Artificial Insemination –
A method used to deposit semen directly into the horn of
the fallopian tube.
Legumes – Plant that has pods as
fruits and roots that bear nodules containing nitrogen-fixing
bacteria.
Lethargic – Sluggish, tired, lack
of energy.
Leucocyte – White blood cells.
Lil Kreep'r – A free-standing commercially
procured creep feeder. This is an excellent free-choice
feeder. A grated-entrance can be restricted to small animals
only, or the feeder can be used for larger animals if the
grate is removed.
Linebreeding – Breeding animals
that are closely related to each other. If successful traits
appear from the breeding it's linebreeding; if undesirable
traits appear from the breeding it's in-breeding.
Linebreeding – The deliberate mating
of closely related individuals in order to retain characteristics
of a common ancestor.
Liquid Nitrogen Tank – Also known
as Semen Tank – the canister that holds the liquid
nitrogen (coolant which keeps the sperm frozen).
Liver Flukes – A parasite that infects
the liver.
Livestock Guardian Dog (LGD) –A
dog that adopts and stays with the herd to protect them
from predators.
Loading Chute – Equipment used for
putting animals into a truck or trailer.
Lochia – The normal vaginal discharge
the doe has following kidding ; this dark blood substance
may be present for several weeks.
Lungworms – A parasitic nematode
worm that inhabits the lungs, sometimes causing coughs or
respiratory distress.
Lutalyse (PGF2A or Prostaglandin) –
A drug, manufactured by Pfizer, used for estrus control.
Lymph Nodes – Any of numerous oval
bodies, distributed throughout the lymphatic system, that
produce and house lymphocytes and filter microorganisms
and other particles from lymph.
M
Maiden Doe – A young animal bred
for the very first time.
Mange – Mange is an infectious skin
disease of animals caused by mites, a tiny eight-legged
creature related to spiders and tick, and results in hair
loss, scabs, and itching.
Manure – Animal excrement frequently
used as fertilizer for soil.
Markings – A pattern of marks or
identifying marks on the animal’s coat.
Mastitis – An inflammation of the
udder caused, normally, by a bacterial infection. The udder
may appear hot, painful and hard. The affected may have
a characteristic change from a normal milk secretion to
a watery or yellow secretion.
McMasters Fecal Eggs Per Gram (EPG) Test
– Using a McMasters slide to count the number of parasite
eggs per gram for a fecal exam.
Meat Withholding – The period of
time between medicating and slaughter.
Melatonin - A hormone derived from serotonin
and secreted by the pineal gland that produces changes in
the skin color and is important in regulating biorhythms.
Metritis – The inflamation of the
uterus.
Milk Fever – Hypocalcaemia. A disorder
characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the
blood.
Milk Formula – There are many commercial
milk-replacer formulas on the market. We use a home-made
formula of whole milk, evaporated milk, and butter milk.
Milliliter (Ml) – Unit of volume
equip to 1/1000th of a liter.
Minerals – While most commercial
feeds contain all the vitamins and minerals goats require,
feed can be supplemented by minerals in blocks, tubs, or
loose. As a minimum, a mineral mix should contain vitamins
A and D for general animal health and milk production, iodine
to prevent gout, selenium for strong muscles and to prevent
white muscle disease, calcium for bone development, phosphorus
(must be in proportion to the calcium to prevent urinary
calculi), iron for anemia, zinc to improve skin and hair
condition.
Modified Live Virus Vaccine (MIV) –
Modified-live vaccines provide stronger, longer-lasting,
and more rapid protection than killed virus vaccines. They
are normally less expensive but have a potential to become
active and cause disease, especially in a patient with a
weakened immune system.
Monensin – Medication found to be
of value in preventing coccidiosis in goats at levels that
also increase feed efficacy.
Monogastric – Animals with single
compartmental stomachs; goats are not monogastric.
Mucous Membranes – The moist linings
in the body passages containing mucus-secreting cells.
Multiparous – Used to describe an
animal that normally gives birth to two or more offspring
at one time or having more than two pregnancies.
Murmur – A fluttering sound, usually
heard via a stethoscope, originating from the lungs, heart,
or arteries. This may indicate disease or structural problems.
Mycotoxin – A poisonous substance
produced by a fungus.
N
Nanny – A female goat.
Nanny Berries – Poop. Feces.
Naxcel – Off label for goats. Sterile
Powder ceftiofur sodium broad-spectrum, injectable antibiotic
for the treatment of respiratory infections
Necropsy – Autopsy. Examining a
dead body to determine the cause and circumstances of death.
Nitrate Poisoning – When excessive
nitrate accumulations occur due to abnormal conditions,
such as during drought condition and high soil nitrate levels
due to high rates of nitrogen fertilization, following a
soaking rain toxic levels of nitrates accumulate in plants.
Non-Spermicidal Lubricant – A friction-reducing
substance that will not kill viable sperm.
Nulliparous – Having never given
birth to a living kid.
Nutri-Drench – According to Bovidr
Laboratories, “Nutri-Drench is a natural, high energy
source containing high vitamins, minerals, amino acids and
glucose. These nutrients support life and are needed quickly
to restore a non-functioning immune system.”
O
Omasum – The third part of the
stomach of a ruminant between the abomasums and the reticulum.
Oocyst – A stage in the life of
coccidia found in manure, the fertilized gamete (male or
female cell with half the normal number of chromosomes that
unites with another cell of the opposite sex in the process
of sexual reproduction).of certain parasitic organisms (sporozoans)
that is enclosed in a thick wall.
Oral (OP) – By mouth.
Orifices – An opening. When used
with goats, normally refers to too many openings in the
teats.
OTC (Over the Counter) – Drugs that
do not require a prescription; they can be bought anywhere.
Ovary – The female reproductive
organ that produces eggs (ovum).
Overbite – A bad alignment of the
teeth in which the upper pad protrude too far over the lower
teeth. Short underjaw.
Oxytocin – A hormone that controls
lactation and reproductive phases of the goat.
P
Pain – An unpleasant physical discomfort
– often acute discomfort.
Panacur – Off label for goats. A
brand name for Fenbendazole. Treatment is necessary for
3 consecutive days. Treatment may require a second course
depending on which parasite is being treated. It is used
against roundworms, hookworms, and is also effective against
Giardia and several species of lungworm and some flukes.
Parasites (Worms) – An animal that
lives on or in another, usually larger, host organism in
a way that harms or is of no advantage to the host
Parous – Females who have given
birth at least once.
Parturient Paresis – Muscular weakness
or partial inability to move caused by diseases of the nervous
system occurring at the time of giving birth.
Parturition – Act of giving birth.
Pasteurization – Treatment of milk
by heating it to destroy harmful bacteria, a process discovered
by Louis Pasteur. Heating milk to 145 degrees Fahrenheit
for 30 minutes kills most bacteria. The process of pasteurization
not only kills bacteria, but it also kills destroys nutrients
and some essential vitamins.
Pedigree – Ancestry chart.
Penicillin G – Off label for goats.
For use in the treatment of disease organisms susceptible
to penicillin. Long-acting antibiotic indicated for treatment
of bacterial infections.
Pepto Bismol – Off label for goats.
An over-the-counter human drug manufactured by Procter &
Gamble used to stop diarrhea and settle upset stomachs.
(We use it mixed with Biomycin to stop scours.)
Percentage – The mathematical determination
of the amount of Boer ancestry in the animal.
Pinkeye – Pinkeye, also known as
conjunctivitis, is extremely contagious, spreading from
goat to goat. Our first recommendation is to isolate any
goat with pinkeye immediately! Pinkeye is caused by several
organisms and can be transmitted by flies or dust. A goat
with pinkeye will have a cloudy area in the center of the
eye or will appear to have an ulcer on the cornea.
Placenta – An organ that develops
in the uterus of pregnant mammals to supply oxygen and nourishment
to the fetus through an umbilical cord.
Polioencephalitis/Polioencephalomalacia (Goat Polio)
–A disturbance of the central nervous system caused
by a thiamin deficiency. Symptoms include “star gazing”,
and arched back with head thrown back over the shoulder,
lack of appetite, and refusal to drink. Treatment consists
of 200 to 500 mg of thiamin injected intravenously, intramuscularly,
or subcutaneously. There is little chance to overdose with
thiamin since it is water soluble and excess is eliminated
by the kidneys. Dexamethasone may also be administered with
the thiamine to reduce brain swelling.
Post Mortem – After death.
Postpartum – After birth.
Pregnancy Toxemia (Ketosis) – A
condition caused by the sudden extra demand for energy by
the fast-growing kids in the last few weeks of pregnancy.
In meeting the nutritional needs of the kids, the doe will
metabolize fat resources from her body to maintain pregnancy.
Symptoms are depression, weak, lack of interest in food,
poor muscle control, and poor balance. Many does will show
a positive test for ketone bodies in the urine. Treatment
with Magic will often save the live of the doe and kids.
Prepartum – Before birth.
Probios – On label for goats. A
produce containing microorganisms beneficial to keep the
rumen functioning. Any time we give an antibiotic that kills
harmful bacteria, we administer a dose (5cc to 10cc) of
“blue stuff” – Probios Gel – to
replenish the good bacteria in the rumen.
Progeny – Offspring.
Prolificacy – Number of offspring
actually produced by a doe. Fruitful.
Prostaglandin (PGF2A) – A substance
that resembles a hormone/the unsaturated fatty acid found
in all mammals that control smooth muscle contractions,
blood pressure, body temperature, and inflammation.
Protein – Complex natural substance
with a high molecular weight and a fibrous structure composed
of amino acids linked by peptide bonds – present in
all living things.
Protein Supplement – Adding additional
protein, i.e., soybean meal, to regular diet.
Puberty – Boys reach puberty as
early as 2 months of age having the ability to impregnate
does. Does enter puberty at 8 months (normally).
Purebred – A high percentage Boer.
With does the percentage must be 93% or higher (but less
than 100%); with bucks the percentage must be 97% or higher
(but less than 100%).
Purina Lamb/Kid Replacer – A milk
substitute used with bottle babies.
PVC Trough – Poly Vinyl Chloride
– a hard, plastic sold in hardware and building supply
stores – can be cut in half and used for feeding.
Q
Quarantined – Isolated in order
to prevent spread of disease or contain contagious or infections
diseases.
R
Ration – The fixed and limited
amount of food given or allocated.
Raw Milk – Milk that has not been
pasteurized.
Recipient – The doe who is receiving
the fertilized eggs.
Record Keeping – A method devised
by each individual to tract all aspects of herd management.
Record keeping enables the farmer to maintain administrative
procedures such as registration, offspring, pedigrees, bloodlines,
shows, medical treatments/ vaccinations, finances, and contacts.
Red Cell – A foul-tasting (from
the reaction of our goats) beef peptone and liver, iron,
copper, cobalt, vitamins A, B12, D, E, B-complex, used to
replace natural red blood cells lost to anemia. Since this
product reportedly does contain animal offal, we prefer
to give our goats Geritol.
Registered – Enrolled with a breed
association, having the owner’s name officially recorded
along with a pedigree of the animal.
Registration Number – An identification
number assigned by the breed association.
Rehydrate – Replacing fluids that
have been lost from illness, fever or heat.
Rennet – A substance containing
the enzyme rennin used to make cheese. It is from the 4th
stomach and coagulates milk.
Reproduction Management – Hormones
can be used to manipulate estrus synchronization in the
doe so as many does as possible come into estrus when you
want them to. External progesterone sources such as an implant
or CIDR can be used to interrupt the doe's cycle. When the
progesterone is removed, most does will come into heat within
24 hours.
Reproductive Health – The causes
of poor reproduction in the goat herd often go unrecognized
and unresolved, but can markedly reduce productivity. In
order to detect reduced fertility and a corresponding low
conception rate, a breeding soundness evaluation should
be performed on herd sires prior to the breeding season.
Semen quality and quantity should be analyzed by a trained
technician.
Respiratory Rate (Breaths/Min) –
The respiration in adults is 15-30 breaths per minute and
in kids 20-40 breaths per minute.
Reticulum – The second (of four)
stomachs in ruminants.
Revaccination – To vaccinate again.
Rigor Mortis – The stiffening of
the body occurring after death. This is cause by the coagulation
of protein in the muscles.
Ringworm –A fungal disease of the
skin, scalp, or nails in which intensely itchy patches develop.
Also known as “hot spots.”
Rotational Grazing – Moving the
animals from one field to another to prevent overgrazing
and to reduce infestation of parasites.
Roughage – Fiber.
Rumen – The first stomach of a ruminant.
This is the part of the stomach where microorganisms bread
down plant cellulose before the food is returned to the
mouth as cud for additional chewing.
Rumen Contractions – A healthy goat
has rumen contractions (motility) from 1-4 times per minute.
Rumensin – The trademarked name
for Monensin which enables goats to obtain more energy from
feed and improves feed efficiency in high energy feedlot
rations and modulates feed intake.
Ruminant – A cud-chewing, hoofed
mammal whose stomach has multiple chambers and who has an
even number of toes.
Rumination – Regurgitating partially
digested food to chew it again.
S
Salmonella – A bacteria found in
the intestines known to cause gastroenteritis, food poisoning,
and typhoid fever.
Scours – A medical term for diarrhea.
Scrapie – Usually a fatal disease
affecting the nervous system of sheep and goats. It is marked
by intense itching and the loss of muscular control.
Scrotal Circumference Parameters –
Sperm production is year round with Boer bucks. The best
forecaster of sperm production is testicular weight, and
the best predictor of testicular weight in goat bucks is
scrotal circumference. A special tape for measuring scrotal
circumference gives a relatively accurate estimation of
the buck's ability to produce semen. The scrotal circumference
(at the widest point) should be measured, since this correlates
with fertility and semen production. As a general rule,
Boer bucks should measure 26 to 29 cm at 100 pounds. (Dairy
bucks should measure 25 to 28 cm at 100 pounds.)
Selenium – A nonmetallic chemical
element that occurs in several forms. Most of the US is
selenium deficient. A baby goat selenium deficient cannot
stand; this is knows as "white muscle disease."
Semen – A thick white fluid containing
sperm.
Semen Evaluation – Testing the semen
for viability.
Semen Tank – Also known as a Liquid
Nitrogen Tank – the canister designed to hold the
coolant which keeps the sperm frozen.
Semen Thawing Thermos – An insulated
tool with built-in thermometer for cooling
Serving Capacity – Libido or sex
drive. Bucks must be disease free, in good condition, and
possess enough libido to pursue, mount, and service the
doe herd. Normally the buck-to-doe ration should be between
1:25 to 1:50.
Shipping Fever – Respiratory disease
usually accompanying movement of goats over long distances.
Side Effects – Expected or unexpected
occurrences following medications.
Silage – Fodder made by storing
green plant material where it is preserved by partial fermentation
Sire – The male parent.
Skin Tent – When giving a shot SQ,
pull up skin behind the front knee making a tent.
SMZ Tablets – An antibacterial medicine
to treat infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract,
small intestine, wounds, and coccidiosis.
Sore Feet – A condition caused by
incorrect hoof trimming, foot scald, laminitis, or foot
rot.
Soremouth – Soremouth, also called
orf or contagious ecthyma, is a highly contagious virus
of the Pox family. Symptoms, transmission, and treatment
in goats is similar to symptoms, transmission, and treatment
of chickenpox in human children. Young animals are the most
susceptible to developing lesions around the lips, eyelids,
nose, etc.; but adult does tend to have more violent outbreaks
on their udder, teats, and feet. This disease is easily
spread to people when they come in contact with infected
goats with the infection normally centered on the hands
or face.
South African Boer – A breed of
goats, characterized by a red head and white body, originating
in South Africa.
Speculum –An orifice opening instrument
used in gynecological exams for spreading the vaginal walls.
Spermatozoan (Sperm) – The male
reproductive cell with an oval head with a nucleus, a short
neck, and a tail by which it moves to find and fertilize
an ovum.
Stanchion – An upright frame in
which the neck of the goat is confined – for milking
or AI.
Sterile Saline Solution –A pure
(free from living bacteria, solution of sodium chloride
(salt) and distilled water.
Stethoscope – A medical instrument
used for listening to breathing, heartbeats, and other sounds
made by the body.
Stomach Worms – Blood-sucking parasites.
Common stomach worms found in goats are the large stomach
worm (Haemonchus contortus), the medium stomach worm (Ostertagia
circumcincta or O. trifurcata), and the small stomach worm
(Trichostrongylus axei). In Tennessee Haemonchus is the
most prevalent.
Straw Cutter – A small device designed
to snip the end off the straws before putting the straw
into the AI gun.
Straw Tweezers – Long tweezers used
to remove the frozen straws from the goblets inside the
liquid nitrogen tank
Straws – The packaging system for
storing semen is either 5 ml or 0.5 ml plastic straws. Semen
is diluted to the desired concentration and the straws are
filled and labeled as part of the collecting process.
Stress - Something that causes mental
or emotional strain.
Subcutaneously (SQ) – Giving a shot
under the skin.
Superovulation – Production of a
large number of eggs at one time.
Swelling of Joints – A common symptom
of CAE. An increase in size of the joint typically caused
by injury, infection, or disease.
Synchronization – Getting does to
come into estrus (cycle) at the same time. This is a very
important management technique when doing an embryo transfer
or if you need to program does to use as teases at a buck
collection.
Systemic Disease – Physiology affecting
the whole body as distinct from having a local effect.
T
Tapeworms – A flatworm with a long
ribbon-shaped segmented body that exists in many varieties
and lives mainly as a parasite in the gut of vertebrate
animals
Tattoos – Markings on the skin (for
goats either in the ears or on the tail web) providing identification.
TDN – The total digestible nutrients
in feed. This is one of four methods of determining the
amount of energy in feed.
Teats – The body part of the doe
through which milk is excreted for the nourishment of kids.
Temperature – Body heat. The normal
temperature of a goat is 102-104 degrees Fahrenheit.
Tetanus – An infectious disease
contacted through an open sore or wound. The disease causes
severe muscle spasms, especially around the neck and jaw.
Tetanus Antitoxin – A treatment
for tetanus that takes effect almost immediately after the
injection and only stays in the system for up to 10 days.
Tetanus Toxoid – A highly purified
and concentrated vaccine to provide the strongest possible
protection against tetanus.
Tetracycline – An antibiotic made
from chlortetracydine.
TGPA – Tennessee Goat Producers
Association.
Thiamin – Vitamin B1. A thiamin
deficiency can cause goat polio (Polioencephalitis, Polioencephalomalacia,
PEM). Thiamin is a prescription drug but can be found in
lesser strength in Vitamin B Complex (Fortified Vitamin
B Complex has an even greater thiamin strength.) Thiamin
enhances circulation, helps with blood formation, and helps
with the metabolism of carbohydrates.
Trace Minerals (TM) – Those required
in small amounts.
Transcervical Artificial Insemination
– Penetrating the rings of the cervix to deposit semen
thus establishing pregnancy.
TSC – Tractor Supply Company.
Tylosin – Off label for goats. A
broad spectrum antibiotic with good anti-bacterial activity
against most pathogenic organism such as gram positive bacterium,
some gram negative bacterium and is the drug of choice against
infections caused by mycoplasma.
U
Under Bite – A bad alignment of
the teeth in which the lower front teeth protrude too far
over the upper pad. Long underjaw.
Urinary Calculi – A stone in the
urinary track – extremely painful for a buck. The
condition is caused by the phosphate crystals collecting
in the bladder and passing into the narrow penis/the urethra,
causing obstruction and blockage to urine flow.
USBGA – US Boer Goat Association.
Uterus – A part of the female reproductive
tract where the embryo is nourished and develops before
birth.
V
Vaccinations – An inoculation with
a vaccine to produce immunity. Protect against disease by
introducing a serum, antigen, or weakened form of the disease
into the body to create immunity.
Vaccines – Medicine contained weakened
or dead microbes that cause a particular disease. This inoculation
is administered to stimulate the immune system to produce
antibodies against the disease.
Vaginal Prolapse – The vagina protrudes
during late pregnancy. This is a genetic problem, and does
who have vaginal prolapses should be culled as well as their
female offspring.
Valbazen – Off label for goats.
This is a broad spectrum anthelmintic effective in the removal
and control of the following internal parasites: liver flukes,
heads and segments of tapeworms, stomach worms, brown stomach
worms, barberpole worms, small stomach worms, intestinal
worms, thread-neck intestinal and small intestinal worms,
hookworms, and lungworms. Do not use if the doe is pregnant;
this drug is associated with abortions and/or birth defects
if used within the first 60 days of gestation. With cattle
and sheep there is a 27 day slaughter withdrawal.
Vetwrap – A self adhesive support
bandage.
Vitamin B – See Thiamin.
W
Wean – To begin feeding a young
kid food other than its mother's milk; to remove from the
mother at weaning age.
Weaning Age – The age does quit
allowing their offspring to nurse; the age the owner separates
the offspring from the mother. (We recommend weaning bucks
at 3 months when they are capable of breeding their dam.)
Weaning Weight –What the animal
weighs when separated from its mother.
Website – An important marketing
tool.
Wether – A male goat who was castrated
before becoming sexually mature; unable to breed.
White Muscle Disease – Selenium
deficiency causes damage to muscle tissue and gives muscles
a whitish appearance. Both skeletal muscles (legs and back)
and non-skeletal muscles (heart) may be affected with newborns
having difficulty walking and/or nursing. Another symptom
is respiratory distress.
Whole Corn – Shelled, not crushed,
corn kernels is classified as a grain and as dry matter.
Withdrawal Time – The amount of
time one must wait after giving a drug to an animal before
that animal can be slaughtered for meat/human consumption.
Working Dog – A dog kept in order
to herd, guard, or guide.
Worms – Parasites. An infestation
of parasites affecting the intestines or others parts of
the body.
X
Y
Yearlings – Goats between one and
two years of age.
Z
Zoonosis – A disease goats (vertebrate
animals) pass to other animals (humans).
Zygote – A fertilized ovum (egg).
